English
| Chinese VIRAL
PNEUMONIA
Viral pneumonia
is an infection that causes irritation, swelling, and congestion
in the lungs. Viral pneumonia occurs most often in the winter.
The infection usually starts as a common cold. The most common
symptoms are headache, fever and chills, muscle aches, and cough
that brings up sputum. Breathing may be difficult or painful.
You may lose your appetite and feel tired. Antibiotics do not
work against viruses. It's advisable to get plenty of fluids and
rest. If your illness gets worse, or if you have other problems
(such as diabetes or heart failure), you need to consult a doctor
and sometimes hospitalisation is required for close observation
and treatment. Viral pneumonia lowers your body's immunity and
sometimes the infection can turn into a bacterial infection. This
is another reason to consult a doctor if your symptoms persist
or worsen. If the doctor suspects you of having a pneumonia, a
thorough physical examination and chest X-ray are needed to confirm
the diagnosis.
ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
Atypical pneumonia refers to pneumonia caused
by certain bacteria -- namely, Legionella, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia.
While atypical pneumonias have been commonly associated as a whole
with milder forms of pneumonia, pneumonia due to Legionella, in
particular, can be quite severe and lead to high mortality rates.
Mycoplasma pneumonia
often affects younger people and may be associated with manifestations
outside of the lungs (such as anemia and rashes), and neurological
syndromes (such as meningitis, myelitis, and encephalitis). Severe
forms of Mycoplasma pneumonia have been described in all age groups.
Chlamydia pneumonia occurs year round. It is usually mild with
a low mortality rate.
Legionella pneumoniahas a high mortality rate. Elderly individuals,
smokers, and people with chronic illnesses and weakened immune
systems are at higher risk for this type of pneumonia. Contact
with contaminated aerosol systems (like infected air conditioning
systems) has also been associated with pneumonia due to Legionella.
Symtoms of atypical pneumonia:
- chills
- fevers
- cough -- may be dry or productive of phlegm
- headache
- muscular stiffness and aching
- rapid breathing may be present
- shortness of breath may be present
- loss of appetite
- fatigue
- confusion (especially with Legionella)
- rash (especially with Mycoplasma)
- diarrhea (especially with Legionella)
People with suspected pneumonia should undergo a medical evaluation,
including a thorough physical exam and a chest X-ray. Depending
on the severity of illness, additional studies may be required.
The mainstay of treatment for atypical pneumonia is antibiotic
therapy. In mild cases, treatment with oral antibiotics at home
may be appropriate. Severe cases (especially Legionella pneumonia)
may require hospitalisation with intravenous antibiotics and oxygen
supplementation.
Most patients with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma or Chlamydia do
well with appropriate antibiotic therapy. In the case of pneumonia
due to Legionella, severe illness occurs particularly among the
elderly and those individuals with chronic diseases and weakened
immune systems. It is associated with a higher mortality rate.
Possible complications include respiratory failure especially
with Legionella pneumonia, and rash and hemolytic anaemia especially
with mycoplasma pneumonia.
Seek medical evaluation if you develop fever, cough, and/or shortness
of breath. While there are numerous causes for these symptoms,
you will need to be evaluated for pneumonia. There are no proven
methods for preventing atypical pneumonia, and no vaccinations
are available at this time for atypical pneumonias.
English | Chinese
非 典 型 肺 炎
肺 炎 即 肺 部 發 炎 或 受 到 感 染 , 導 致 肺 泡 壁 積 聚 液 體 及 白 血 球 , 防 礙 肺 部
的 正 常 功 能 。
非 典 型 肺 炎 可 以 由 多 種 不 同 的 微 生 物 引 起 , 包 括 過 濾 性 病 毒 、 「 肺 炎 支
原 體 」 、 「 衣 原 體 」 及 「 退 伍 軍 人 桿 菌 」 。
典 型 肺 炎 在 年 輕 人 士 之 中 是 常 見 的 肺 炎 病 因 , 在 學 校 、 軍 區 、 工 作 間 及
家 裏 有 可 能 形 成 流 行 病 。
病 徵 :
顧 名 思 義 , 非 典 型 肺 炎 病 人 通 常 不 會 出 現 典 型 呼 吸 道 病 徵 , 跟 一 般 的 肺
炎 不 同 , 非 典 型 肺 炎 患 者 通 常 會 出 現 類 似 感 冒 的 病 徵 , 而 且 更 有 可 能 持
續 數 星 期 。
病 徵 可 能 包 括 :
喉 嚨 痛
乾 咳
頭 痛
發 燒
肌 肉 痛
呼 吸 急 促
以 上 徵 狀 可 能 並 不 明 顯 , 發 燒 時 體 溫 可 達 102°F 。 一 般 患 者 會 在 晚 間 咳
得 較 嚴 重 , 並 會 有 小 量 白 色 或 黃 色 的 濃 痰 。
診 斷 :
醫 生 會 根 據 病 人 的 徵 狀 及 身 體 檢 查 來 斷 症 , 必 要 時 亦 可 能 會 安 排 照 肺 和
血 液 / 痰 液 化 驗 。
治 療 :
非 典 型 性 肺 炎 通 常 在 1 0 至 1 4 天 內 便 會 痊 癒 , 但 有 些 患 者 的 咳 嗽 、 疲
倦 及 身 體 不 適 的 感 覺 可 能 會 持 續 數 週 。 患 者 最 好 在 5 至 7 天 內 到 醫 生 處
覆 診 , 檢 查 情 況 有 否 好 轉 。
若 情 況 並 不 嚴 重 , 醫 生 可 能 不 需 要 給 病 人 服 用 什 麼 特 別 的 藥 物 。 但 病 人
若 受 到 細 菌 感 染 , 則 需 服 食 抗 生 素 , 不 過 抗 生 素 並 不 能 治 療 由 病 毒 引 起
的 肺 炎 。